Rj82 was very comprehensive. Let me add just a couple of things.
First, the switch at the water heater can be pried out with a small flat head screwdriver. Make sure the power is off!
Second, the hotl lead goes from that switch to the thermostat and in series to the high limit switch.
Third, the high limit switch has reset button.
Fourth, there is a fusible link between the thermostat and the high limit switch.
Using an inductive voltage tester /tic tracer, with the power on and the switch at the water heater pulled out you can trace the hot lead and see if there is any brake in that series between the switch the thermostat and the high limit switch and then down to the heating element.
Hope this helps
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